Learn how to indicate a change of state
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Anthony: Welcome to chineseclass101, the fastest, easiest and most fun way to learn Chinese. |
| Echo: 大家好， 我是Echo。(Dàjiā hǎo, wǒ shì Echo.) |
| Anthony: Hi and I am Anthony. This is our 20th lesson in our second season of our beginner series. And the title of this lesson is Always Come Prepared. |
| Echo: Always come prepared. |
| Anthony: Yeah now unfortunately for the people in today’s dialogue, they are learning this lesson the hard way. |
| Echo: Yes it appears that someone is not only running in late. |
| Anthony: But they’ve also forgotten to bring their keys. Crucial mistake. |
| Echo: Yes in today’s dialogue, we will go over different ways to apologize. |
| Anthony: There are a few and this is also an important tool in getting yourself out of a jam. |
| Echo: A politeness goes a long way. |
| Anthony: It does. And you know what else goes a long way? |
| Echo: A monthly subscription to chineseclass101. |
| Anthony: That’s right. For only $4, you can become a basic subscriber and have access to all the PDFs for all the lessons that we’ve ever done. |
| Echo: You can’t beat that deal. |
| Anthony: No you can’t. Now with that said, let’s go on to the dialogue. |
| DIALOGUE |
| 不好意思，我迟到了。(Bùhǎoyìsi, wǒ chídào le.) |
| 没事。(Méishì.) |
| 你带钥匙了吗？(Nǐ dài yàoshi le ma?) |
| 哦，我忘了！(O, wǒ wàng le!) |
| Anthony: One more time a little bit slower. |
| 不好意思，我迟到了。(Bùhǎoyìsi, wǒ chídào le.) |
| 没事。(Méishì.) |
| 你带钥匙了吗？(Nǐ dài yàoshi le ma?) |
| 哦，我忘了！(O, wǒ wàng le!) |
| Anthony: One more time, a little bit slower. |
| Echo: 不好意思，我迟到了。(Bùhǎoyìsi, wǒ chídào le.) |
| Anthony: I am sorry, I am late. |
| Echo: 没事。(Méishì.) |
| Anthony: It’s okay. |
| Echo: 你带钥匙了吗？(Nǐ dài yàoshi le ma?) |
| Anthony: Did you bring the key? |
| Echo: 哦，我忘了！(O, wǒ wàng le!) |
| Anthony: Oh I forgot it. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Echo: Yeah not only is he running late, he left his key too. |
| Anthony: Yeah well hopefully he has very forgiving friends. |
| Echo: Yeah in the dialogue, it sounded like it. |
| Anthony: In today’s dialogue, we are going to introduce you to some key words to apologize for your tardiness or your forgetfulness. |
| Echo: Right and a lot more words. |
| Anthony: Right. So let’s go into the vocab section. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Anthony: And now the vocab section. |
| Echo: 不好意思 (bùhǎoyìsi) |
| Anthony: I am sorry. |
| Echo: 不好意思, 不好意思. 迟到 (bùhǎoyìsi, bùhǎoyìsi. chídào) |
| Anthony: To be late. |
| Echo: 迟到, 迟到. 没事 (chídào, chídào. méishì) |
| Anthony: No problem. |
| Echo: 没事, 没事. 带 (méishì, méishì. dài) |
| Anthony: To bring. |
| Echo: 带, 带. 钥匙 (dài, dài. yàoshi) |
| Anthony: Keys. |
| Echo: 钥匙, 钥匙. 忘 (yàoshi, yàoshi. wàng) |
| Anthony: To forget. |
| Echo: 忘, 忘. 对不起 (wàng, wàng. duìbùqǐ) |
| Anthony: I am sorry. |
| Echo: 对不起, 对不起. 没关系 (duìbùqǐ, duìbùqǐ. méiguānxi) |
| Anthony: It doesn’t matter. |
| Echo: 没关系, 没关系 (méiguānxi, méiguānxi) |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Anthony: Okay Echo, the first word that we heard in this dialogue was what? |
| Echo: 不好意思 (Bù hǎoyìsi) |
| Anthony: Sorry or I am embarrassed. |
| Echo: Yeah 不好意思 (Bù hǎoyìsi) |
| Anthony: Or it’s I am embarrassed but this is usually a soft way of apologizing. |
| Echo: And actually Chinese people use 不好意思 (Bù hǎoyìsi) more. |
| Anthony: Yeah very common. |
| Echo: 真不好意思。(Zhēn bù hǎoyìsi.) |
| Anthony: I am really sorry. |
| Echo: 真不好意思。(Zhēn bù hǎoyìsi.) |
| Anthony: Yes my cheeks are red, kind of. |
| Echo: 不好意思，过一下。(Bù hǎoyìsi,guò yīxià.) |
| Anthony: Excuse me, can I pass. |
| Echo: 不好意思，过一下。(Bù hǎoyìsi,guò yīxià.) |
| Anthony: But if you use can I pass alone without apologizing, it’s a little rough, isn’t it? |
| Echo: Yeah 过一下 (Guò yīxià) yeah… |
| Anthony: Yeah that’s kind of “get out of my way”. |
| Echo: Yeah. |
| Anthony: Okay Echo, our next word. |
| Echo: 迟到。(Chídào.) |
| Anthony: To be late. |
| Echo: 迟到。你又迟到了。(Chídào. Nǐ yòu chídàole.) |
| Anthony: You are late again. |
| Echo: 你又迟到了。(Nǐ yòu chídàole.) That’s not very good. |
| Anthony: If you have forgiving friends, they will say this. |
| Echo: 没事 (Méishì) |
| Anthony: No problem. |
| Echo: 没事。(Méishì.) Actually 没事 (Méishì) can be both it’s okay and you are welcome. So we can say 没事 (Méishì) |
| Anthony: Yeah I am sorry, no problem. |
| Echo: Yeah or 谢谢，没事。(Xièxiè, méishì.) |
| Anthony: Thank you, it’s okay. Don’t mention it. All right. |
| Echo: Okay next one 带 (Dài) |
| Anthony: To bring. |
| Echo: 带。我没带钱。(Dài dài. Wǒ mò dài qián.) |
| Anthony: I didn’t bring any money. |
| Echo: 我没带钱。钥匙 (Wǒ mò dài qián. Yàoshi) |
| Anthony: Keys. |
| Echo: 钥匙。他的钥匙掉了。(Yàoshi. Tā de yàoshi diàole.) |
| Anthony: He lost his keys. |
| Echo: 他的钥匙掉了。忘 (Tā de yàoshi diàole. Wàng) |
| Anthony: To forget. |
| Echo: 忘 (Wàng) |
| Anthony: Fourth tone. |
| Echo: 别忘了带信用卡。(Bié wàngle dài xìnyòngkǎ.) |
| Anthony: Don’t forget to bring your credit card. |
| Echo: 别忘了带信用卡。(Bié wàngle dài xìnyòngkǎ.) So actually there is a pattern here 别忘了(Bié wàngle) plus 带 (Dài) to bring and things you don’t want others to forget. |
| Anthony: Yes so for example, money. |
| Echo: Yeah 别忘了带钱。(Bié wàngle dài qián.) |
| Anthony: Yeah don’t forget to bring money. |
| Echo: Or 别忘了带手机。(Bié wàngle dài shǒujī.) |
| Anthony: Don’t forget to bring your cell phone. And then for foreigners traveling in China, don’t forget to bring your passport. |
| Echo: Right 别忘了带护照。(Bié wàngle dài hùzhào.) |
| Anthony: Yes okay. Now we talked about this a little earlier in the vocab section. This is the second way to apologize. |
| Echo: Right. The first way was 不好意思 (Bù hǎoyìsi) |
| Anthony: Yes. |
| Echo: Then this way 对不起 (Duìbùqǐ) |
| Anthony: I am sorry. |
| Echo: 对不起 (Duìbùqǐ) |
| Anthony: And this is the stronger way. |
| Echo: Stronger and more serious. |
| Anthony: More serious and if you want to have that very strong |
| Echo: 真对不起。(Zhēn duìbùqǐ.) Here we have 对不起，我错了。(Duìbùqǐ, wǒ cuòle.) |
| Anthony: Yeah I am sorry, it was my fault. |
| Echo: Yeah I was wrong. 对不起，我错了。(Duìbùqǐ, wǒ cuòle.) |
| Anthony: Yeah I am sorry, it’s my mistake. |
| Echo: 没关系。(Méiguānxì.) |
| Anthony: It doesn’t matter. |
| Echo: 没关系。没关系，我们走吧。(Méiguānxì. Méiguānxì, wǒmen zǒu ba.) |
| Anthony: Yeah so if you run late and you get there, you want to hear this. |
| Echo: 没关系，我们走吧。(Méiguānxì, wǒmen zǒu ba.) |
| Anthony: It doesn’t matter, let’s go. All right so in review, we’ve covered a few different ways to say I am sorry. |
| Echo: 不好意思 (Bù hǎoyìsi) |
| Anthony: And |
| Echo: 对不起 (Duìbùqǐ) |
| Anthony: Okay. Okay and we have two different ways to say it doesn’t matter. |
| Echo: 没事 (Méishì) |
| Anthony: And |
| Echo: 没关系。(Méiguānxì.) |
| Anthony: Okay great. So we’ve got that covered, let’s go on to the grammar section. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Anthony: The focus of today’s grammar point is the particle |
| Echo: 了 (Le) |
| Anthony: In Chinese, this has a couple of different uses but today we are only going to cover the change of state. |
| Echo: That’s right. Let’s go over our first example from the dialogue 我迟到了。(Wǒ chídàole.) |
| Anthony: I am late and before he arrived he was on his way but now that he arrived. |
| Echo: Yeah. |
| Anthony: There has been a change of state and he is officially late. |
| Echo: Right 我迟到了。(Wǒ chídàole.) let’s hear some other examples. 他的手机坏了。(Tā de shǒujī huàile.) |
| Anthony: His phone is broken. |
| Echo: 他的手机坏了。(Tā de shǒujī huàile.) |
| Anthony: His phone was working. It broke, now it’s broken. |
| Echo: Right. So it has changed. 我的东西掉了。(Wǒ de dōngxī diàole.) |
| Anthony: My things are lost. |
| Echo: 我的东西掉了。(Wǒ de dōngxī diàole.) |
| Anthony: Yes the things were in your possession. Somehow they mysteriously walked away. |
| Echo: Yeah. |
| Anthony: And they are lost. |
| Echo: Right. |
| Anthony: Change of state. Okay our next example. |
| Echo: 今天冷了。(Jīntiān lěngle.) |
| Anthony: Yeah today it’s cold. So yesterday, it might not have been cold but today it’s definitely cold. |
| Echo: Right. |
| Anthony: So the previous examples have been a change of state involving adjectives. |
| Echo: 没错。(Méi cuò.) |
| Anthony: The next few examples are going to be involving verbs. |
| Echo: Okay let’s go. 我忘了。(Wǒ wàngle.) |
| Anthony: I forgot. I once knew, but now I can’t remember. |
| Echo: Yeah. |
| Anthony: Okay our next one. |
| Echo: 她买了。(Tā mǎile.) |
| Anthony: She purchased it. |
| Echo: 她买了。(Tā mǎile.) |
| Anthony: Yes she hadn’t bought it before but now she has. She’s paid the money and she has whatever she’s bought in her possession. |
| Echo: Yeah so 她买了。(Tā mǎile.) |
| Anthony: Okay. |
| Echo: 我吃了。(Wǒ chīle.) |
| Anthony: I’ve eaten. |
| Echo: 我吃了。(Wǒ chīle.) |
| Anthony: Yeah so maybe this might be after lunch. So maybe you saw a friend early in the day. |
| Echo: Yeah. |
| Anthony: Now you see him again, change of state, I have eaten. |
| Echo: And next one. 孩子睡了。(Háizi shuìle.) |
| Anthony: The child is asleep. |
| Echo: 孩子睡了。(Háizi shuìle.) |
| Anthony: So maybe you are telling somebody to be quiet. The child just went to bed. |
| Echo: 小声点，孩子睡了。(Xiǎoshēng diǎn, háizi shuìle.) |
| Anthony: Yes please be a little quiet. Please be a little quieter, the child is sleeping. |
| Echo: Yes. |
| Anthony: All right. Okay so we’ve done a change of state involving an adjective. |
| Echo: And a change of state involving a verb. |
| Anthony: But what about a verb object change of state combo Echo? |
| Echo: Well let’s go over it right now. |
| Anthony: Okay. |
| Echo: In the dialogue, we heard this sentence 你带钥匙了吗？(Nǐ dài yàoshile ma?) |
| Anthony: Did you bring the keys? |
| Echo: 你带钥匙了吗？(Nǐ dài yàoshile ma?) |
| Anthony: Yes. |
| Echo: So it’s very simple. We just put 了(Le) after the object. |
| Anthony: Okay. |
| Echo: Such as 我带钱了。(Wǒ dài qiánle.) |
| Anthony: Yes I brought money. |
| Echo: 我带钱了。(Wǒ dài qiánle.) |
| Anthony: And the verb object here is |
| Echo: 带钱。带钱 (Dài qián. Dài qián) So we put 了 after 带钱。(Dài qián.) |
| Anthony: Okay. Now our next sample sentence. |
| Echo: 北京下雪了。(Běijīng xià xuěle.) |
| Anthony: It is now snowing in Beijing. Before it wasn’t, but now the snow started to fall. |
| Echo: Right. 北京下雪了。(Běijīng xià xuěle.) |
| Anthony: Okay. |
| Echo: And the verb object is 下雪 (Xià xuě) |
| Anthony: Yes falling snow. |
| Echo: Okay next one 他有女朋友了。(Tā yǒu nǚ péngyǒule.) |
| Anthony: Yes he has a girlfriend which might be unbelievable, maybe the guy might not be the most attractive person but now he has a girlfriend where before he was single. So in review, we’ve covered the particle for a change of state. |
| Echo: 了(Le) Yes you can put this directly after the verb. |
| Anthony: Or at the end of the sentence if both a verb and object are included. So Echo, let’s go over one more sample sentence. |
| Echo: Okay 我学汉语了。(Wǒ xué hànyǔle.) |
| Anthony: Yes I am now studying Chinese. Before I wasn’t, now I picked up the books… |
| Echo: Yeah. |
| Anthony: And I am studying as hard as I can. |
| Echo: And to study Chinese in the fastest and most fun way possible, come to chineseclass101. |
| Anthony: That’s right and sign up by simply entering your email address. |
| Echo: Right 好了。(Hǎole.) |
Outro |
| Anthony: Yeah we are done. Okay so from Beijing, I am Anthony. |
| Echo: 我是Echo。(Wǒ shì Echo.) |
| Anthony: Thanks for listening and we will see you next time. |
| Echo: 下次见 (Xià cì jiàn) Bye bye. |
| Anthony: Bye bye. |
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